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To cut through some of the confusion surrounding bitcoin, we need to divide it into two components. On the one hand, you've got bitcoin-the-token, a snippet of code that represents ownership of a digital concept type of like a digital IOU. On the other hand, you have bitcoin-the-protocol, a distributed network that maintains a ledger of balances of bitcoin-the-token.
The system enables payments to be sent between users without passing through a central authority, like a bank or payment gateway. It's made and held electronically. Bitcoins arent printed, like dollars or euros theyre made by computers all around the planet, using free software.
It was the very first example of what we today call cryptocurrencies, a growing asset category that shares some characteristics of traditional currencies, with verification based on cryptography.
A pseudonymous software programmer going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto proposed bitcoin in 2008, as an electronic payment system based on mathematical proof. The idea was to produce a means of exchange, independent of any central power, that may be transferred electronically in a secure, verifiable and immutable way.
Bitcoins most important characteristic is that it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. It is maintained by a group of volunteer coders, and run through an open network of committed computers spread around the world. This attracts individuals and groups that are uncomfortable with the control that banks or government institutions have over their money. .
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Bitcoin simplifies the double spending issue of electronic currencies (in which digital assets can easily be replicated and re-used) through an ingenious combination of cryptography and economic incentives. In electronic fiat currencies, this function is fulfilled by banks, which gives them control over the traditional system. Together with bitcoin, the integrity of the my explanation transactions is maintained by a distributed and open network, owned by no-one. .
Fiat currencies (dollars, euros, yen, etc.) have an unlimited supply central banks can issue as many as they want, and can try to manipulate a currencys value relative to others. Holders of this currency (and especially citizens with little alternative) bear the cost.
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With bitcoin, on the other hand, the distribution is closely controlled by the underlying algorithm. A small number of new bitcoins trickle out every hourand will continue to do so at a diminishing rate until a maximum of 21 million has been reached. This creates bitcoin more appealing as an asset in concept, if demand grows and the supply remains the same, the value will increase. .
Even though senders of traditional electronic payments are often identified (for verification purposes, and to abide by anti-money laundering and other legislation), users of bitcoin in theory function in semi-anonymity. Since there is no central validator, users do not need to identify themselves when sending bitcoin to another user. When a transaction request is filed, the protocol assesses all previous transactions to confirm that the sender gets the necessary bitcoin as well as the authority to More about the author send them.
In practice, each user is identified by the address of their wallet. Transactions can, with a little effort, be tracked this way. Also, law enforcement has developed methods to identify users if necessary.
Furthermore, most exchanges are required by legislation to perform identity checks on their customers before they're permitted to buy or sell bitcoin, facilitating another way that bitcoin usage can be monitored. Since the network is transparent, the progress of a specific transaction is observable to all.
This is because there's absolutely no central adjudicator that can say okay, return the money. If a transaction is recorded on the network, and if greater than an hour has passed, it's impossible to modify.
While this may disquiet some, it will mean that any transaction on the bitcoin network cannot be tampered with.
The smallest unit of a bitcoin is referred to as a satoshi. It's one hundred millionth of a bitcoin (0.00000001) at todays prices, about one hundredth of a cent. This could conceivably enable microtransactions that traditional electronic money cannot.
Bitcoin is a digital currency, also known as a cryptocurrency. It was invented in 2008 by an anonymous person or group named Satoshi Nakamoto.